Strength Training Explained: The Science-Backed Way to Build Muscle, Burn Fat, and Train Smarter at Any Age

Strength Training Explained: The Science-Backed Way to Build Muscle, Burn Fat, and Train Smarter at Any Age

People incorporating strength training to fitness

Strength training represents one of the most scientifically validated forms of physical activity for improving overall health, strength, and longevity, with a growing body of research showing profound benefits that extend far beyond muscle building.

Studies compiled in systematic reviews and meta-analyses demonstrate that engaging in regular resistance training can increase lean muscle mass, enhance neuromuscular function, and significantly boost muscular strength — adaptations that are essential for everyday functional performance and athletic capability.

Beyond physical performance, strength training is strongly linked to reduced risk of chronic diseases, improved metabolic health, and lower mortality risk, with evidence indicating that even modest amounts of resistance exercise (as little as 30–60 minutes per week) are associated with a reduced likelihood of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and premature death.

Moreover, resistance training supports long-term health across the lifespan, helping to counteract age-related muscle loss (sarcopenia), maintain functional independence, improve insulin sensitivity and blood pressure, and enhance quality of life as individuals age.

Collectively, the scientific evidence portrays strength training not just as a tool for athletes or bodybuilders, but as a foundational pillar of health and fitness that supports strength, resilience, disease prevention, and well-being at every age.

Strength Training For Loose Skin

Loose skin is a common concern after significant weight loss, particularly when large amounts of fat have stretched the skin’s connective tissue over time. The underlying culprit is often a loss of collagen and elastin — proteins that give skin its structure and elasticity — combined with age, genetics, and how quickly weight was lost. Rapid weight loss doesn’t give skin enough time to adapt and contract, increasing the likelihood of sagging, while gradual, sustained loss allows better potential retraction.

Strength training doesn’t literally shrink excess skin, nor can it replace damaged collagen or elastin fibers entirely. However, it plays a valuable role in improving appearance by building lean muscle mass beneath the skin, which provides a firmer foundation and helps fill out areas of laxity, especially around arms, abdomen, hips, and thighs.

Regular resistance exercise increases muscle volume, which narrows the distance between skin and muscle tissue, making loose skin appear tighter and firmer. This effect is well supported by scientific studies showing that resistance training enhances dermal structure and elasticity, increases dermal thickness, and reduces inflammatory markers that contribute to skin aging.

In addition to building muscle, strength training enhances blood flow and circulation, which delivers oxygen and nutrients to skin cells and supports cellular repair and regeneration. Better circulation can stimulate collagen production pathways and improve overall skin quality over time, as seen in research where resistance exercise led to improved skin elasticity compared with aerobic training alone.

While strength training should not be considered a complete solution — particularly for severe skin laxity after extreme weight loss — it remains one of the most effective natural approaches to improving the appearance of loose skin.

Combining resistance training with proper hydration, adequate protein intake, a balanced diet rich in collagen-building nutrients like vitamin C and zinc, and patience (as skin can take months or even years to adapt) offers the best chance of seeing real change without surgical intervention.

Key Takeaways

• Strength training improves muscle mass, which helps reduce the appearance of loose skin by providing structure underneath weakened areas.
• Research suggests resistance training can improve skin elasticity and dermal thickness, contributing to firmer skin.
• Exercise also boosts circulation, supporting collagen synthesis and skin health.
• Realistic expectations are critical: while strength training improves appearance, it doesn’t fully tighten excessive skin on its own.
• Lifestyle factors like hydration, diet, gradual weight loss, and sun protection influence skin tightening outcomes.

Our Fitness Equipment Recommendation To Battle Loose Skin

Caphaus 6 FT 2-Inch Barbell Bar

For building lean muscle and improving the appearance of loose skin through strength training, the CAPHAUS 6 ft 2 inch Barbell Bar from 100 Spartans is an excellent foundation piece of fitness equipment, providing a sturdy and versatile barbell for fundamental strength movements like squats, deadlifts, presses, and rows; using a quality barbell in conjunction with progressively loaded exercises helps increase muscle mass beneath areas of lax skin, improves metabolism, and supports overall body composition changes that can reduce the visual appearance of loose skin when paired with proper nutrition and resistance programming.

Ergonomic 2-Inch Weight Plates

For strength training routines aimed at improving muscle tone and potentially reducing the appearance of loose skin, adding a set of 2 x 5kg Tri Grip Cast Iron Olympic Weight Plates to your home gym can significantly enhance your workouts by enabling progressive overload on compound movements like squats, deadlifts, and presses; these ergonomic 2-inch plates fit standard Olympic barbells and help you incrementally increase resistance as your strength improves, which is essential because building lean muscle under areas of lax skin has been shown to improve skin appearance and support body composition changes when paired with consistent resistance training.

Functional vs Traditional Strength Training

Functional strength training focuses on exercises that mimic real‑world movements to improve overall stability, coordination, balance, and daily performance, whereas traditional strength training typically emphasizes isolated muscle groups and progressive overload to maximize muscle size and maximal force production.

Scientific studies indicate that functional training — using multi‑joint, compound movements, free weights, resistance bands, or bodyweight exercises — enhances neuromuscular control, core activation, and joint stability, which can translate into improved performance in sports and everyday tasks. 

Traditional strength training, including machines and weighted lifts, has been consistently shown to increase muscular hypertrophy, maximal strength, and power output, making it ideal for athletes seeking measurable strength gains in specific muscle groups.

 Emerging research suggests that combining functional and traditional training can provide complementary benefits, simultaneously improving functional movement patterns, muscular strength, and metabolic conditioning, and may be particularly effective for injury prevention, overall fitness, and performance enhancement.

Strength Training For Cellulite

Strength training can be an effective strategy to reduce the appearance of cellulite by increasing lean muscle mass, improving skin tone, and enhancing circulation in the affected areas, particularly the thighs, buttocks, and hips.

Scientific evidence indicates that resistance exercises — including squats, lunges, deadlifts, and hip bridges — stimulate muscle hypertrophy and subcutaneous tissue remodeling, which can decrease the visual dimpling associated with cellulite by tightening the overlying skin and increasing underlying muscle support.

Furthermore, strength training elevates metabolic rate and promotes fat loss, which reduces the fat deposits contributing to cellulite, while improved blood flow and lymphatic drainage from regular resistance exercise can further enhance skin texture and firmness.

When combined with a balanced diet and consistent exercise program, targeted strength training offers a scientifically supported approach to improving body composition, toning muscles, and diminishing the appearance of cellulite over time.

Our Equipment Recommendation To Battle Cellulite

4-in-1 Seated Chest Press Machine

For enhancing strength training in your cellulite-focused routine, this all in one fitness machine is a highly effective piece of equipment, as seated chest press machines are designed to help you build upper-body muscle safely and with controlled motion, making them ideal for targeting the pectorals, deltoids, and triceps while reducing joint stress compared with free weights.

Chest press machines provide stable, guided resistance that promotes consistent muscle engagement and progressive overload — key factors in increasing lean muscle mass and improving body composition, which can contribute to smoother, firmer skin appearance when combined with a comprehensive strength training program.

Vertical Leg Press Machine

For a lower-body strength training option that complements efforts to improve muscle tone and reduce the appearance of cellulite, the Vertical Leg Press Machine provides a powerful way to target major muscle groups such as the quadriceps, glutes, and hamstrings with controlled, heavy resistance, helping build lean muscle and enhance circulation in the thighs and hips where cellulite is commonly seen, and strength training to increase muscle mass has been shown to improve body composition and overall skin appearance when paired with consistent resistance work and proper nutrition.

Strength Training For Women Over 40

Strength training for women over 40 is a scientifically supported cornerstone of healthy aging, offering benefits that span from maintaining muscle mass and strength to supporting metabolic health and reducing the risk of chronic disease.

After age 40, women begin to experience gradual declines in muscle mass (sarcopenia) and strength due to hormonal changes and reduced physical activity; resistance training has been shown to counteract these declines, stimulate muscle protein synthesis, and preserve functional capacity, which contributes to better balance, mobility, and injury prevention over time.

It has to be stated here that strength training enhances metabolic rate and insulin sensitivity, helps regulate body composition, and can reduce abdominal fat accumulation — a key factor associated with cardiometabolic risk — making it a powerful tool for weight management and long-term health in midlife and beyond.

Beyond musculoskeletal and metabolic benefits, engaging in regular strength training also has positive effects on bone health, especially important for women over 40 who face increased risk of bone density loss as estrogen levels begin to decline. Research indicates that weight-bearing and resistance exercises stimulate osteoblast activity and slow bone mineral density loss, lowering the risk of osteoporosis and fractures.

Moreover, strength training supports psychological well-being by improving mood, reducing symptoms of anxiety or depression, and boosting self-confidence through mastery of physical skills, which collectively enhance quality of life.

For women over 40, incorporating a balanced resistance training program — emphasizing proper form, progressive overload, and adequate recovery — provides a multifaceted approach to sustaining physical performance, metabolic health, and overall vitality as they age.

Our Equipment Recommendation For Women Over 40

LP-10 Cortex 45-Degree Leg Press Hack Squat Machine

For women over 40 looking to strengthen muscles, support bone health, and improve functional fitness, this Leg Press & Hack Squat Machine is an exceptional strength training tool that allows controlled lower-body resistance with reduced spinal loading, making it easier to safely build strength in the glutes, quadriceps, and hamstrings — key muscle groups that naturally weaken with age; research indicates that resistance training enhances muscle mass, promotes metabolic health, and helps maintain bone density in midlife and beyond, making equipment like this hack squat leg press machine especially valuable for improving overall strength and functional capacity as part of a balanced fitness routine.

H188 Magnetic Rowing Machine

To support strength training and overall fitness for women over 40, the H188 Magnetic Rowing Machine offers a low-impact, full-body workout that engages the legs, core, back, and arms while minimizing joint stress, making it an excellent complement to resistance training; this combined aerobic and strength training improves cardiovascular health, preserves lean muscle mass, and enhances metabolic function, all of which are especially important for mid age women seeking to maintain strength, bone health, and functional independence.

Strength Training For Women Over 50

Strength training for women over 50 is a highly effective and evidence-based strategy for combating age-related muscle loss (sarcopenia), improving bone density, enhancing metabolic health, and reducing the risk of chronic disease, with research showing that regular resistance exercise helps preserve lean muscle mass and strength while also supporting joint stability and functional mobility.

As women age and estrogen levels decline, BMD (bone mineral density) typically decreases, increasing osteoporosis risk, and strength training has been shown to stimulate bone formation and slow bone loss when performed consistently with progressive overload and adequate resistance.

Significantly, resistance training improves insulin sensitivity, glucose regulation, and resting metabolic rate, making it a valuable component of weight management and overall cardiometabolic health for older adults. 

It is worth stressing that strength training for women over 50 should emphasize proper form, individualized progression, and recovery, as these factors reduce injury risk and maximize long-term adherence; when combined with sufficient protein intake and balanced nutrition, resistance exercise supports healthy aging, improves quality of life, and helps maintain independence through midlife and beyond.

Our Equipment Recommendation For Women Over 50

Pilates Board

For women over 50 looking to build strength safely and improve balance, mobility, and core stability, a Pilates board is an excellent addition to a home strength training routine; the pilate board enables gentle, controlled movements that strengthen deep stabilizer muscles, enhance posture, and improve functional strength without high joint impact. Pilates-style exercise significantly increases muscle strength, balance, and functional performance in older adults when practiced consistently.

12pcs Resistance Bands Set

For women over 50 seeking a safe, effective way to build strength, improve mobility, and support joint health, this resistance bands set is an ideal strength training tool because they provide adjustable, low-impact resistance that can be tailored to individual ability levels, and studies show that resistance band training significantly increases muscle strength, balance, and functional performance in older adults while reducing injury risk compared with heavy free weights.

Does Strength Training Burn Calories

Strength training does burn calories, both during the workout and afterward. Research into calorie consumption has unearthened energy expenditure through increased muscle activation, elevated heart rate, and enhanced metabolic rate; during resistance exercise, large muscle groups are recruited to perform work against resistance, which increases adenosine triphosphate (ATP) demand and therefore caloric expenditure, and studies demonstrate that a typical strength-training session can burn a similar range of calories as moderate aerobic exercise depending on intensity and volume.

In addition to calories burned during the workout, strength training stimulates post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) — a metabolic effect in which the body continues to burn calories at an elevated rate as it restores homeostasis, repairs muscle tissue, and replenishes energy stores, an effect that can persist for hours after the session ends.

Due to the fact that resistance training increases lean muscle mass over time, it can raise resting metabolic rate, meaning more calories are burned at rest compared with lower muscle mass, which supports long-term weight management and metabolic health.

Hybrid Strength Training

This is a training approach that combines traditional resistance exercises with elements of cardiovascular conditioning, such as high-intensity interval training (HIIT) or circuit formats, to simultaneously build muscular strength, improve aerobic capacity, and enhance metabolic health.

Sports scientists have been able to uncover the benefit of integrating strength and cardio within the same workout — for example through supersets, circuits, or alternating sets of resistance-based movements with short bouts of high-intensity effort — can increase total energy expenditure, stimulate both muscular and cardiovascular adaptations, and improve overall fitness more efficiently than performing either modality in isolation.

Hybrid training leverages the benefits of resistance training — such as increased muscle protein synthesis, greater lean mass, and elevated resting metabolic rate — alongside aerobic and anaerobic conditioning, which enhances oxygen uptake (VO₂ max), cardiovascular endurance, and fat oxidation; studies have found that structured hybrid programs can improve body composition, insulin sensitivity, and performance markers across both strength and endurance domains.

When designed thoughtfully with appropriate intensity, progression, and recovery, hybrid strength training offers a balanced and time-efficient strategy for individuals seeking comprehensive fitness outcomes, including strength gains, fat loss, and improved metabolic health.

Our Equipment Recommendation For Hybrid Strength Training

Powerblock Adjustable Dumbbells (2 Pcs)

For effective hybrid strength training that combines resistance, power, and functional movement, these adjustable powerblock dumbbells offer versatile, space-saving strength training equipment that allows you to perform a wide range of exercises from presses and rows to lunges and swings, with easily adjustable weight increments to match progressive overload goals. Free weights like dumbbells provide superior muscle activation, improved balance, and greater functional strength when compared to machines alone, making them an excellent choice for comprehensive hybrid training programs.

Core Home Fitness Adjustable Dumbbell Set

For hybrid strength training that blends muscular strengthening with cardiovascular and functional movements, the Core Home Fitness Adjustable Dumbbell Set is a highly adaptable choice, allowing you to quickly adjust weights for exercises ranging from squats and presses to lunges and shoulder work. Incorporating adjustable dumbbells into a hybrid routine enhances muscle activation, balance, and metabolic demand, making them ideal for workouts that build strength while also improving endurance and fat loss.

Is Pilates Considered Strength Training?

Pilates incorporates controlled, resistance-based movements that can improve muscular strength and endurance, particularly in the core, back, and stabilizing muscles, but it functions somewhat differently from traditional strength training that relies on progressive overload with external weights.

Deep dive into rehabilitation therapy by sport scientists showed that Pilates exercises, including reformer work using springs and bodyweight resistance, can increase muscle strength and endurance in various populations, such as improvements in upper and lower body strength and trunk stability after structured Pilates programs, though the evidence varies and is sometimes limited by study quality.

Because Pilates emphasizes slow, controlled muscle contractions with time under tension, it does stimulate strength adaptations — especially for muscle endurance and functional stability — and many experts consider it a form of resistance training; however, when compared head-to-head with traditional strength modalities like weightlifting, it typically produces more modest gains in maximal strength due to lighter resistance and lower potential for progressive loading.

Therefore, while Pilates can count as a form of strength training and support strength development, particularly for core and stabilizer muscles, those seeking significant muscle mass or maximal force gains often combine it with heavier resistance training for comprehensive strength improvement.

Strength Training For Hourglass Figure

Strength training for individuals aiming to enhance or maintain an hourglass figure focuses on building and toning muscle in key areas such as the shoulders, back, waist, glutes, and legs to create balanced proportions while reducing excess body fat.

Studies in this area indicates that resistance training, including compound lifts like squats, lunges, deadlifts, shoulder presses, and targeted core exercises, increases lean muscle mass, elevates resting metabolic rate, and promotes fat oxidation, which supports a more defined waist-to-hip ratio.

Incorporating progressive overload and functional movement patterns improves postural alignment, enhances muscle symmetry, and strengthens the core, all of which contribute to the visual aesthetics of an hourglass silhouette.

By combining full-body resistance work with proper nutrition and adequate recovery, strength training helps individuals sculpt a balanced, toned physique while supporting overall metabolic health, functional fitness, and long-term body composition goals.

Our Equipment Recommendation For Hourglass Figure

Figure 8 Resistance Bands

For shaping and strengthening muscles in areas key to achieving an hourglass figure — such as the glutes, hips, shoulders, and core — the Figure 8 Resistance Bands offer targeted, low‑impact resistance that enhances muscle activation and tone during exercises like lateral walks, shoulder presses, and hip thrusts; studies show that resistance band training effectively increases muscle strength and endurance while improving body composition, making these bands a practical tool in routines designed to build curves and define the waistline.

 Heavy Duty Glute Bridge Machine

For women focusing on strength training to enhance an hourglass figure, the Glute Bridge Machine is an excellent piece of equipment because it specifically targets the glutes and hamstrings — muscle groups key to developing a lifted, rounded backside — while also engaging the core and lower back, and scientific evidence shows that exercises like weighted glute bridges significantly increase glute activation and strength, which supports muscle growth and improved lower-body contours when combined with a structured resistance training program.

Strength Training For Cyclists

Cyclists interested in working on their stamina and muscular endurance sometimes tend to incorporate strength training, which is a documented scientifically supported method to enhance both cycling performance and efficiency by building muscular strength and power that directly contribute to pedaling mechanics and endurance.

There have been numerous controlled trials with competitive road cyclists, that showed that adding heavy strength training — such as low-repetition, high-load exercises like squats and leg presses — improves cycling efficiency, increases peak power output, and enhances time-trial performance without significantly altering maximal oxygen uptake (VO₂ max), indicating robust neuromuscular benefits beyond traditional endurance training alone.

 Strength training also increases muscle cross-sectional area and optimizes the ability to produce force earlier in the pedal stroke, which can improve mean power output and fatigue resistance during sustained efforts, and meta-analyses report moderate enhancements in cycling performance metrics such as time to exhaustion and anaerobic power when strength training is integrated with regular endurance workouts.

The upside here is not just performance gains, but resistance training can help correct muscular imbalances, support injury prevention, and enhance overall functional strength, making it a valuable complement to on-bike training for cyclists of all levels.

Our Equipment Recommendation For Cyclist

FS100 Pro-Fit Exercise Bike

To support strength training for cyclists, this exercise bike for fat loss is an excellent addition to a training routine because it allows cyclists to build aerobic endurance and leg muscular endurance with low impact on the joints, combining resistance training with structured cycling improves both power output and cycling performance by enhancing cardiovascular capacity and muscle fatigue resistance without overwhelming recovery — making this exercise bike a strong complement to off-bike strength work.

Efficraft GX Stair Climber Machine

For cyclists looking to boost leg strength and cardiovascular endurance, this Stair Climber Machine is an excellent cross-training tool because its stepping motion closely mimics the lower-body engagement required during intense climbs, helping to strengthen the glutes, quadriceps, hamstrings, and calves while improving aerobic capacity, multi-joint, weight-bearing cardio movements can enhance muscular endurance and power output, making it a valuable complement to both on-bike training and off-bike strength routines.

Strength Training For Endomorphs

Individuals with a naturally broader, stockier body type and a tendency to store fat more readily — is a highly effective approach for improving body composition, metabolic health, and fat-loss outcomes when combined with appropriate nutrition and cardiovascular conditioning, as research suggests that resistance training increases lean muscle mass, elevates resting metabolic rate, and enhances insulin sensitivity.

Because endomorphs often have higher body fat percentages and may experience slower metabolic adaptation, structured strength training programs — incorporating compound, multi-joint lifts like squats, deadlifts, and presses — can stimulate greater caloric expenditure during and after workouts through increased post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) and sustained elevation of metabolic rate.

Also, strength training helps preserve muscle mass during calorie-controlled phases, which is critical for long-term fat-loss success and preventing metabolic decline that can occur with dieting alone, and it supports improved glucose regulation, which is particularly beneficial for individuals predisposed to insulin resistance.

With consistent resistance training — balanced with adequate protein intake, progressive overload, and recovery — endomorphs can enhance muscular strength, shift body composition toward higher lean mass, and create a training stimulus that synergizes with lifestyle and nutritional strategies for sustainable fat reduction and improved overall health.

Our Equipment Recommendation For Endomorphs

HR05 All In One Power Rack

For endomorphs aiming to improve body composition and build functional strength, this all in one power rack is an exceptional piece of home strength training equipment, providing a stable and versatile platform for compound lifts like squats, deadlifts, presses, and pull-ups that stimulate muscle growth and elevate metabolic rate

Multi-joint resistance exercises performed with a all-in-one smith machine power rack increase lean muscle mass and boost resting energy expenditure, which supports fat loss and improved metabolic health — key goals for endomorph body types.

660lbs Weight Adjustable Bench

Looking to build strength and improve body composition? This weight adjustable bench is an essential piece of strength training equipment that supports a wide range of exercises — from bench presses and seated shoulder presses to step-ups and dumbbell rows — allowing you to progressively overload muscles and stimulate lean muscle growth, which increases resting metabolic rate and enhances fat loss when combined with resistance training.

Strength Training For Marathon Runners

This is a well-supported component of effective endurance training for marathon runners, because it enhances running economy, muscular strength, and injury resistance without negatively affecting aerobic performance, as multiple studies have shown that incorporating resistance exercises can improve running economy and time-trial performance while supporting better force production during long runs.

Specifically, strength training — when applied with moderate loads, low repetitions, and adequate recovery — increases neuromuscular efficiency in the lower body, improves tendon stiffness, and enhances power output in muscles such as the glutes, quadriceps, hamstrings, and calves, all of which contribute to a more efficient stride and reduced energy cost per kilometer.

It's only right to point out that resistance training helps address common running-related muscular imbalances and supports connective tissue strength, which can lower the risk of overuse injuries that frequently occur in long-distance runners, while studies also indicate that combining strength work with endurance sessions leads to greater improvements in VO₂ max and lactate threshold than endurance training alone.

This makes strategic strength training a valuable tool for marathon runners seeking to optimize performance, reduce injury risk, and sustain high training volumes over the long term.

Our Equipment Recommendation For Marathon Runner

Umay Fitness U50 Treadmill

For marathon runners incorporating strength training and cross-training into their regimen, the Umay fitness treadmill is an excellent piece of equipment to support aerobic conditioning and recovery runs at home, as treadmill workouts allow precise pacing, controlled incline simulation of varied terrain, and consistent cardiovascular training year-round, which experts recommend as part of structured marathon preparation to improve endurance and reduce injury risk by complementing on-road runs and strength sessions.

Under Desk Elliptical Machine

For marathon runners looking to complement strength training with low-impact cardio that enhances endurance and aids recovery, this elliptical under desk machine offers a convenient way to keep your legs active without the wear-and-tear of high-impact running, incorporating low-impact cross-training — such as elliptical or elliptical-style movement — can maintain cardiovascular fitness while reducing stress on joints and muscles between key running and resistance training sessions.

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